Py系列 =================================== :锁定版本: 3.11.12 :生命周期: 2022-10-24 ~ 2027-10 :文档: https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.11/ :github地址: https://github.com/python/cpython :版本生命周期: https://devguide.python.org/versions/ :参考: https://pythonguidecn.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/ :awesome-python: https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python :awesome-python.cn: https://github.com/jobbole/awesome-python-cn :视频教学: `黑马程序员python教程，8天python从入门到精通，学python看这套就够了 `_ :下载地址: https://www.python.org/downloads/ :风向标项目: django .. seealso:: * 官方文档: https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.10/using/unix.html * B站: `Linux系统上升级安装Python3.10 `_ (Centos) * B站: `在Ubuntu服务器安装Python 3.10 `_ * 官网安装包: https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.12/Python-3.10.16.tgz 安装python .. tabs:: .. tab:: uv https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/install-python/#installing-python .. code-block:: console $ uv python install 3.12 访问的官网，速度较慢，支持通过环境变量 `UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR `_ 从指定文件安装 从 `release `_ 页面下载python包 可以先执行命令，从报错信息获取要下载的文件名称 .. code-block:: console $ UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR=file:///temp uv python install python3.12 error: Failed to install cpython-3.12.12-linux-x86_64-gnu Caused by: failed to query metadata of file `/temp/20251014/cpython-3.12.12+20251014-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz`: No such file or directory (os error 2) 知道文件名称后，可以自己拼接url得到下载地址: https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251014/cpython-3.12.12+20251014-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz 将文件放到 ``/tmp/20251015`` 目录下，重新执行命令 .. code-block:: console $ UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR=file:///tmp uv python install python3.12 Installed Python 3.12.12 in 982ms + cpython-3.12.12-linux-x86_64-gnu (python3.11) warning: `/root/.local/bin` is not on your PATH. To use installed Python executables, run `export PATH="/root/.local/bin:$PATH"` or `uv python update-shell`. .. tab:: 源码构建Python 在root账号操作 官网下载慢，建议在镜像源下载: https://registry.npmmirror.com/binary.html?path=python/ .. code-block:: console $ wget https://registry.npmmirror.com/-/binary/python/3.10.16/Python-3.10.16.tgz $ tar -zxvf Python-3.10.16.tgz $ cd Python-3.10.17/ $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get upgrade $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade $ sudo apt-get install python-dev $ sudo apt-get install libffi-dev $ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev $ sudo apt-get install -y make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev $ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.10 $ make -j8 $ make altinstall $ ./configure -C \ --with-openssl=/usr/local/custom-openssl \ --with-openssl-rpath=auto \ --prefix=/usr/local/python3.10 $ ln -s /usr/local/python3.10/bin/python3.10 /usr/local/bin/python3.10 $ ln -s /usr/local/python3.10/bin/pip3.10 /usr/local/bin/pip3.10 **加入环境变量(可选)** 编辑 :file:`~/.bashrc` 和 :file:`$HOME/.profile` 添加一行脚本 .. code-block:: shell export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3.10/bin/ **安装sqlite3** 解决无法import _sqlite3的问题 https://blog.csdn.net/line_on_database/article/details/116058659 **安装ssl** 解决无法import _ssl的问题 第一种: 升级openssl 操作步骤参考文档: https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.10/using/unix.html#custom-openssl 第二种: libressl .. warning:: 实践中，发现Python3.10仍然安装不了_ssl，3.10+只能使用openssl https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39703551/article/details/111795468 **缺失_lzma模块** .. code-block:: console $ apt-get install liblzma-dev -y 然后重新编译python .. include:: django.rst .. include:: ansible.rst .. include:: pytest.rst ai ------------------------------------- sentence-transformers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 4.1.0(2025-04-15) :github: https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers :文档: https://www.sbert.net/index.html 在向量数据库召回重排打分时使用, 中文模型建议用BAAI/bge-reranker-large ollama ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 在本地运行大模型, 对硬件有一定的要求 :锁定版本: 0.6.5(2025-03-12 ~ 2025-04-06) :github: https://github.com/ollama/ollama .. seealso:: `Ollama 与 LM Studio，本地 AI 推理工具怎么选？ `_ langchain ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 0.3.17(2024-09-14 ~ 2025-01-30) :文档: https://python.langchain.com/docs/introduction/ :github: https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain langgraph ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 0.2.72(2024-08-07 ~ 2025-02-13) :文档: https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/ :github: https://www.github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph langchain-openai ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 0.3.5(2025-01-11 ~ 2025-02-12) :文档: https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/chat/openai/ :github: https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/tree/master/libs/partners/openai openai ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 1.61.0(2025-02-01) :文档: https://github.com/openai/openai-python/tree/main/api.md :github: https://github.com/openai/openai-python streamlit ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 构建前端ui的玩具 :锁定版本: 1.41.1(2024-12-11 ~ 2024-12-14) :文档: https://docs.streamlit.io/ :github: https://github.com/streamlit/streamlit zhipuai ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (在嵌入模型使用) :锁定版本: 2.1.5.20250106(2024-08-30 ~ 2025-01-06) :文档: https://open.bigmodel.cn/dev/howuse/introduction 后端 ------------------------------------- Fastapi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 0.116.1(2025-07-07 ~ 2025-07-12) :文档: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/ :github: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi :风向标项目: https://github.com/fastapi/full-stack-fastapi-template pydantic ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.11.4(2025-03-28 ~ 2025-04-30) :文档: https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/ :github: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic :变更日志: https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/changelog/ Pandas ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.1.4(2023-08-30 ~ 2023-12-08) :文档: https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/ :github: https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas ORM ---------------------------------- sqlalchemy ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.0.36(2023-01-27 ~ 2024-10-16) :文档: https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/ :github: https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/20/ sqlmodel ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ sqlalchemy的浅层封装 :锁定版本: 0.0.22(2021-08-24 ~ 2024-08-31) :文档: https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com :github: https://github.com/fastapi/sqlmodel sqlacodegen ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.3.0.post1(2020-07-13 ~ 2023-03-06) :github: https://github.com/agronholm/sqlacodegen 插件 ---------------------------- pydantic-settings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.7.0(2024-12-13) :文档: https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/pydantic_settings/ :github: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-settings 文档 ---------------------------- sphinx-tabs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 3.4.7(2022-06-25 ~ 2024-10-08) :文档: https://sphinx-tabs.readthedocs.io/ :github: https://github.com/executablebooks/sphinx-tabs sphinx ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 7.3.7(2024-4-17 ~ 2024-4-19) :文档: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/ :github: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx :变更日志: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes/index.html sphinx-rtd-theme ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.0.0(2023-11-28) :文档: https://sphinx-rtd-theme.readthedocs.io/en/stable/ :github: https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme sphinx-autobuild ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2024.10.3(2024-10-03) :文档: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx-autobuild?tab=readme-ov-file#sphinx-autobuild :github: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx-autobuild sphinx-copybutton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 0.5.2(2022-02-06 ~ 2023-04-14) :文档: https://sphinx-copybutton.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ :github: https://github.com/executablebooks/sphinx-copybutton :最新版本: (2025-03-13) 运维 ---------------------------- supervisor ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 4.2.5(2020-05-01 ~ 2022-12-24) :文档: http://supervisord.org/ :github: https://github.com/Supervisor/supervisor :最新检查版本时间: 2025-08-02 buildbot ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 3.11.9(2024-01-26 ~ 2024-10-14) :文档: https://docs.buildbot.net/current/index.html :github: https://github.com/buildbot/buildbot 模板 --------------------------------- jinja2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 3.1.5(2022-03-24 ~ 2024-12-22) :文档: https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/ :github: https://github.com/pallets/jinja :重要程度: *** cookiecutter ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.6.0(2024-02-22) :文档: https://cookiecutter.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html :github: https://github.com/cookiecutter/cookiecutter * 提供从需求到落地的解决方案 * 工作环境的低代码工具 抽象企业项目代码风格，将开发思路模板起来, 然后根据实际业务填充业务代码(业务代码没办法模板) 例如excel导入 .. code-block:: python @action def imports(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 调用封装好的excel处理函数 pass # .... pass # ... pass .. _cookiecutter-django: cookiecutter-django ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2024.10.30(2024-10-30) :文档: https://cookiecutter-django.readthedocs.io/en/latest :github: https://github.com/cookiecutter/cookiecutter-django http客户端 ------------------------------ requests ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.32.5(2024-05-20 ~ 2025-08-19) :文档: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ :github: https://github.com/psf/requests :自定义文档: https://luzhenxiong.top/docs/django/guides/3rd-api.html :关注的issue: `breaking aws s3 usage with requests 2.32.0 `_ 有空去了解下 https://httpbin.org/ 应用场景: * 封装第三方接口, 示例: gitee的 `client.py `_ aiohttp ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 3.11.7(2024-11-14 ~ 2024-11-21) :文档: https://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/ :github: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp 开发工具 --------------------------------- ipython ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 9.4.0(2025-07-01) :文档: https://ipython.readthedocs.io/ :github: https://github.com/ipython/ipython invoke ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ make命令的平替工具 :锁定版本: 2.2.0(2023-07-13) :文档: https://docs.pyinvoke.org/en/stable/ :github: https://github.com/pyinvoke/invoke ipdb ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 0.13.13(2020-2-28 ~ 2023-05-09) :github: https://github.com/gotcha/ipdb bpython ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 0.25(2025-01-17) :文档: https://docs.bpython-interpreter.org/en/latest/index.html :github: https://github.com/bpython/bpython watchfiles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 1.0.4(2024-11-25 ~ 2025-01-10) :文档: https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/ :github: https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles 爬虫 ---------------------------------- scrapyd ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 1.6.0(2025-07-22) :文档: https://scrapyd.readthedocs.io/ :github: https://github.com/scrapy/scrapyd scrapyd-client ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.0.3(2024-10-11 ~ 2025-05-23) :github: https://github.com/scrapy/scrapyd-client scrapy ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.12.0(2024-11-18) :文档: https://docs.scrapy.org/ :github: https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy :变更日志: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/news.html :视频教程: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1gA4m1G7zk scrapy-playwright ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 0.0.42(2024-11-06) :github: https://github.com/scrapy-plugins/scrapy-playwright :变更日志: https://pypi.org/project/scrapy-playwright/docs/changelog.md beautifulsoup4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 4.13.3(2025-02-03 ~ 2025-02-05) :文档: https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/ 异步任务 -------------------------------- celery-redbeat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 基于redis的调度器 :锁定版本: 2.3.3(2025-02-24 ~ 2025-07-02) :文档: https://redbeat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html :github: https://github.com/sibson/redbeat celery ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 5.5.3(2025-04-01 ~ 2025-06-01) :文档: https://docs.celeryq.dev/en/stable/index.html :github: https://github.com/celery/celery :变更日志: https://docs.celeryq.dev/en/stable/changelog.html django-celery-beat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.7.0(2024-08-22) :文档: https://django-celery-beat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ :github: http://github.com/celery/django-celery-beat :变更日志: https://django-celery-beat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html :关注issue: https://github.com/celery/django-celery-beat/issues/798 flower ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 2.0.1(2023-06-18 ~ 2023-08-13) :文档: https://flower.readthedocs.io/ :github: https://github.com/mher/flower :最新确认: 2025-03-24 web服务 -------------------------------------- playwright ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 1.54.0(2025-07-22) :文档: https://playwright.dev/python/docs/intro :github: https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python gunicorn ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :锁定版本: 23.0.0(2024-08-11) :文档: https://docs.gunicorn.org/en/stable/ :github: https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn :变更日志: https://docs.gunicorn.org/en/stable/news.html